-l31- APPENDIX I The syllabi for the political economy portion of Part I of the Tripos examination in the Moral Sciences, given at the University of Cambridge, for the years 1888 and 1900. 1888 EXAMINATION AND PRIZE SUBJECTS * * * V. POLITICAL ECONOMY I .. Preliminary. The fundamental assumptions of Economic Science, the methods employed in it, and the qualifications required in applying its conclusions to practice; its relation to other branches of Social Science. II. Production of Wealth. Causes which affect or determine (i) The efficiency of capital and of labour. (ii) The difficulty of obtaining natural agents and raw materials. (iii) The rate of increase of capital and population. III. Exchange and Distribution of Wealth. Causes which affect or determine (i) The value of commodities produced at home. (ii) The rent of land. (iii) Profits and wages. (iv) The value of currency (v) The value of imported commodities. Monopolies. Gluts and crises. Banking, and the foreign Ex- changes. IV. Governmental Interference in its economic aspects. Com- munism and Socialism. The principles of taxation: the incidence of various taxes: public loans and their results. List of books recommended on this subject: Bagehot, Lombard Street. Fawcett, Free Trade and Protection. Marshall, Economics of Industry. Mill, Principles cf Political Economy. Walker, The Wages Question, and Money, Trade, and Industry. -132- 1900 EXAMINATION AND PRIZE SUBJECTS * * * POLITICAL ECONOMY A descriptive and analytical study, with special reference to the conditions of England at the present time, of:-- I. Consumption. the community; the nature modities and services. The modes of living of various classes of and variations of their demand for com- II. The nature, organization, and resources of production. III. The mutual influences of consumption and production. The population question. IV. Markets generally. Competition, combination, and mon- opoly. V. The relative values of commodities; wages, profits, and rents. VI. The relations of imports and exports. The foreign exchanges. International trade competition. The terms of international interchange, and the distribution, immediate and ultimate, of the benefits of trade among the nations concerned. VII. Money. Banks. Stock Exchanges. The English Money Market. The modern organization of markets and of transport. Fluctuations of credit and commerce. The policies of currency, credit, and banking in their national and international relations. VIII. Collective bargaining in matters relating to labour: its methods, and its effects on those directly concerned and on the general public. Trade Unions. Cooperation. IX. An elementary treatment of the following aspects of public finance, administration, and control:-- The principles of taxation; incidence and shifting of taxes; public loans; the functions of Government, Imperial and Local, in initiating, managing, and regulating enterprise; in supplying information and instruction; and in providing appliances for common use and common enjoyment. Public and private relief of the poor. The influence of Public Opinion and Authority in economic matters generally. Socialism. There will be required throughout a study of fundamental notions and their appropriate definitions; of the scope and methods of the science; and of its relations to other branches of social science. -133- List of books recommended on this subject: Bagehot, Lombard Street. Bastable, Theory of International Trade. Dunbar, The Theory and History of Banking. Jevons, Money and the Medium of Exchange. Keynes, Scope and Method of Political Economy. Marshall, Principles of Economics, Vol. I. Plehn, Introduction to Public Finance. Sidgwick, Principles of Political Economy, Introduction and Book III. Among the other books which may be read with advantage are the following: Bastable, Commerce of Nations. Booth, Life and Labour of the People in London, Vol. IX. Clare, Money Market. Giffen, Essays in Finance, Second,:Series. Goschen, Foreign Exchanges. Hadley, Railway Transportation. von Halle, Trusts. Labour Commission, Final Report, 1894. Levi, History of Commerce. Mill, Principles of Political Economy. Nicholson, Money and Monetary Problems. Rae, contemporary_Socialism. Sidgwick, Principles of Political Economy, Books I. II. Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations. (Sources, The University of Cambridge Calendar (London: George Ball and Sons} for the year 1888, p. xv., for the year 1899-1900, pp. xxxviii-xxxix. The Keynes mentioned is, of course, John Neville, father of John Maynard; Marshall's Principles was referred to as "Volume I" for twenty years or so after its orig- inal publication in 1890, in the expectation that a sequel was forthcoming. ) -134- APPENDIX II A table of authors and Principles texts. First First Publication Economic of Author Birth Publication Principles Death Adam Smith 1723 1776 1776 1790 David Ricardo 1772 1810 1817 1823 Thomas Malthus 1766 1800 1820 1834 James Mill 1773 1808 1821 1836 Robert Torrens 1780 1808 1815 1864 J.R. McCulloch 1789 1819 1825 1864 George Scrope 1798 1829 1833 1876 M. Longfield 1802 1834 1834 1884 Nassau Senior 1790 1828 1836 1864 John Stuart Mill 1806 1836 1848 1873 Henry Fawcett 1833 1860 1863 1884 J.E. Cairnes 1823 1857 1874 1875