0. Introduction

For the quote fom Thomas Babington Macaulay, seeWorks (London, 1875), I, 333); cited in Gertrude Himmelfarb, The Idea of Poverty: England in the Early Industrial Age (New York: Vintage Books, 1983).

For Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, see ; cited in Martin Malia, The Soviet Tragedy

This book is based on the belief that "history from below" is more important than "history from above," which is of interest largely for how high politics affect the general welfare. From my perspective the history of menarche is more important than the history of monarchy. For an alternative view of the relative merits of the history of menarche and monarchy, see Gertrude Himmelfarb, The New Historians and the Old.

 

1. Wealth

1895 Montgomery Ward Catalogue; facsimile edition Dover Books 1969, intro. by Boris Emmett.

Atlantic Monthly (1901) G.H.M.

William Nordhaus, "Do Real Wage and Productivity Measures

Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward

Historical Statistics of the United States

Eisenstein, Printing Revolution

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Communist Manifesto

 

2. The Meaning of Economic Growth

Massimo Livi-Bacci, A Concise History of World Population

Carlo Cipolla, The Economic History of World Population

Jared Diamond, Guns, Ships, and Steel

Jared Diamond, The Third Chimpanzee

Michael Kremer, ""

How Many People Can the Earth Support?

Thomas Robert Malthus, Essay on Population

Eric Jones, The European Miracle

Paul Ehrlich, The Population Bomb

Richard Ericson, "The Classical Soviet-Type Economy"

Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations

Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws

Charles Wilson

DeLong and Shleifer, "Princes and Merchants"

Abbott P. Usher, A History of Mechanical Inventions

Lynn White, Medieval Technology and Social Change

Joseph Needham

Henry Hodges

Elizabeth Eisenstein

Aristotle, Politics

David Landes, The Unbound Prometheus

George Orwell, Homage to Catalonia, 1984, Animal Farm, The Road to Wigan Pier

Paul Krugman

John Maynard Keynes, "Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren"

George Stigler

 

3. Genocide

R.J. Rummel, Death by Government

R.J. Rummel, Statistics of Democide

On the Boer War

E.J. Hobsbawm, The Age of Extremes

Basil Kerblay write in his Modern Soviet Society,

W.H. Auden, "Spain"

William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich

something on Communist China

Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan

Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism

Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem

 

4. Divergence

John Stuart Mill, Principles of Political Economy

Angus Maddison, Monitoring the World Economy

Summers and Heston

DeLong and Summers

Blanqui

Andrew Ure

W.W. Rostow, Theories of Economic Growth

 

5. Policy

Historical Statistics (Lebergott unemployment series)

Economic Report of the President 1994,

Bureau of Labor Statistics January 1995 Monthly Employment Release,

Christina Romer

DeLong, DeLong, and Robinson, "In Defense of Mexico's Rescue"

John Maynard Keynes, Essays in Persuasion, Tract on Monetary Reform, General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money

 

 

Ronald Radosh,

Gerald Jaynes, "The Labor Market Status of Black Americans," Journal of Economic Perspectives Fall 1990.

Jonathan S. Leonard, "The Impact of Affirmative Action Regulation and Equal Employment Law on Black Employment," Journal of Economic Perspectives Fall 1990.

William Darity and Samuel Myers, "Changes in Black-White Income Inequality, 1968-1978: A Decade of Progress?" Review of Black Political Economy summer 1980.

Gerald Jaynesa nd Robin Williams, eds., A Common Destiny: Blacks and American Society (Washington: National Academy, 1989).

Gunnar Myrdal, An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy (New York: Harper and Row, 1944).

Sheldon Danziger adn Danel Weinberg, eds., Fighting Poverty: What Works and what Doesn't (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986).

David Ellwood, Poor Support: Poverty in the American Family (New York: Basic Books, 1988).

William J. Wilson, The Truly Disadvantaged (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1987).

William Nordhaus, "Reflections on the Economics of Climate Change," Journal of Economic Perspectives Fall 1993

John Weyant, "Costs of Reducing Global Carbon Emissions," Journal of Economic Perspectives Fall 1993

James Poterba, "Global Warming Policy: A Public Finance Perspective," Journal of Economic Perspectives Fall 1993

Christina Romer, "The Nation in Depression," Journal of Economic Perspectives Spring 1993

Robert Margo, "Employment and Unemployment in the 1930s," Journal of Economic Perspectives Spring 1993

Charles Calomiris, "Financial Factors in the Great Depression," Journal of Economic Perspectives Spring 1993

Peter Temin, "Transmission of the Great Depression," Journal of Economic Perspectives Spring 1993

Alfred Chandler, The isible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in Ameican Business (Cambridge: Harvard U., 1977).

Lester Chandler, America's GReatets Depression (New York: Harper and Row, 1970)

J.B. DeLong and Lawrence H. Summers, "Is Increased Price Flexibility Stabilizing?" American Economic Review (December 1986).

Barry Eichengreen, Golden Fetters: The Gold Standard and the Great Depression (New York: Oxford University, 1992).

Barry Eichengreen and Jeffrey Sachs, "Exchange Rates and Economic Recovery in the 1930s," Journal of Economic History December 1985.

Irving Fisher, "The Debt-Deflation Theory of Great Depressions," Econometrica October 1933.

Milton Friedman and Anna J. Schwartz, A Monetary History of the United States (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963).

Robert Gordon, "A Consistent Characterization of a Near-Century of Price Behavior," American Econmic Review May 1980.

James Hamilton, "Monetary Factors in the Great Depression," Journal of Monetary Economics March 1987

Sanford Jacoby, Employing Bureaucracy (New York: Columbia, 19850.

Charles Kindleberger, The World in Depression (Berkeley: U.C. Press, 1973).

W.A. Lewis, Economic Survey 1919-1939 (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1949).

Anthony Patrick O'Brien, "A Behavioral Explanation for Nominal Wage Rigidity During hte Great Depression," Quarterly Journal of Economics November 1989.

Peter Temin, did monetary forces Cause the Great Depression? (Norton, 1976).

Peter Temin, Lessons from the Great Depression (MIT, 1989).

p. 361: Paul Sweezy, The Theory of Capitalist Development (New York: Oxford University Press, 1942).

 

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