Brad DeLong's Semi-Daily Journal (2004)

The NYT does allow that format. Frank Rich has been writing every other week (normally Saturday) for years. In fact, he is the best commentator they have and he doesn't even show up on the editorial page. Krugman could do the same. It would be a great one-two Saturday read -- or give Krugman Sunday and put it in the Magazine every other week.

There is nothing in the Constitution saying
that poor people have the right to eat.
'Karl' Edwards is advocating Socialism.

Let them eat school vouchers!

I think 700 words is great. Krugman uses them beautifully. I have done newspaper columns at a range of lengths, and I think the 700 word format forces you to put an idea across as tightly as possible, with no room for the kind of qualifications and back-covering that academics are prone to.

You're right about the twice-weekly frequency though. That's really too much for anyone and forces you to repeat yourself - I suspect some of the claims about Krugman's "shrillness" come from the fact that he's calling Bush a liar twice a week rather than, say, once every two weeks.

As regards Brooks, who, as you say, seemed OK before he got the job, I think the basic problem is that he has only a few decent ideas per year - with enough padding you can turn that kind of thing into a book, but you can't hold down an opinion column.

It is liberals who perpetuate poverty in this country, because it is in their interest to have an underclass dependent on them. To understand liberalism you must realize that is an ideology which brings together upper middle class neurotics and the lumpen proletariat into confederacy against decent, hard working,
responsible Americans.

If you want to do something for the poor in this country give them educational vouchers and deliver them from the crooks, fools and incompetents who control public education.

I think columnists need term limits of a sort - after a dozen years on the op-ed pages, toss 'em out for at least two years (making room for some fresh voices), and then bring 'em back only if people still miss them.

David Brooks bothers me far less than seeing Broder and Will up there, week after week, year after year, with essentially nothing new to say.

It is no use pretending that the poor merely have to get an education, and some ambition and they will become rich. It is obvious that there is a Gaussian curve to all aspects of human size , brains, push, etc. Some people may think it is right to let people starve to death or freeze in an alley, I would not wish that fate on anyone, not even them.

"If you want to do something for the poor in this country give them educational vouchers..."

Well I guess your point is that this will help the children of the poor twenty years down the road. Maybe. But in any case that is very different for doing something for someone who is poor now. So tell me, what *would* you do for that person who is poor *now*? Anything? (This isn't meant to be a rhetorical question. I can conceive of a reasonable person saying, "Nothing." Mind you, I would think said person, while reasonable, is very wrong.)

"It is liberals who perpetuate poverty in this country..."
If you are talking about individuals and mean it is liberals who are intent on keeping an individual, who is poor now, poor five years from now, your statement strikes me as ridiculous fantasy. Tax cuts for the rich and heavy payroll taxes on everyone else doesn't seem to have been a liberal proposal.

Brooks is right in a way -- it isn't money they need but the ability to have jobs that provide enough money and security for their families. Where Brooks is wrong is that Edwards is saying, "give them money and it will be OK!" The argument Edwards make is that they need work and healthy communities to lift themselves from poverty.

Brooks is arguing against Welfare while Edwards is talking about jobs.

big al,

I'm sure you're right that there are going to be some people who have bad biological luck. Certainly there are those who are born with conditions that are easily identifiable and known to lower IQ, and it sounds to me like you also believe that there are more subtle differences that are passed on from generation to generation, resisting attempts at education.

But I have a hard time believing that this explains the difference between what you find at an inner city school and a suburban school. At the inner city school, an intelligent child with drive is often not given guidance at home and is then placed with a number of kids also lacking home guidance into an environment where there are insufficient resources to correct for this problem. So what happens? Well, children are going to be children and learn from their peers. So many of the intelligent kids with strong drives to succeed are going to end up succeeding in the world of gangs or drug dealing simply because that's what their young brains are taught about success.

Compare this to a middle class or better environment where even those with obvious learning disabilities are given hand holding in restricted environments to the point where even the slow kids can put what they do have to good use. Do you really think that schools in the suburbs are filled with genetically superior children and this is why they graduate and proceed to college instead of dropping out? How about we run an experiment where we add to one of these suburban schools 5% or 10% highly disruptive students who have had virtually no parenting and simulate an inner city environment by not allowing these schools to remove them from the classroom. You still think the other 90% of genetically superior students will still learn the same? Or will they all join gangs for protection?

There are many, many good critiques of Marxian thought, including the labor theory of value, but they require some knowledge of what Marx actually thought and said. No doubt Marx also thought that the poor needed bread, and so does Edwards.

But what is wrong with having a fool writing for the New York Times, especially if he is a conservative? Showing how stupid and uninformed conservatives are week after week can only help the liberal cause.

Had Krugman confined himself to writing about economics, David Brooks would probably still be doing his hacking at the Weekly Standard-he owes his position at NYT to a misguided attempt to restore "balance" to the editorial page.

How about Brooks' suggestion on NPR yesterday that Kerry's "unconventional wife" is fair game for the Republicans? I hope Teresa gets pissed off enough to pour about $100 million into the Kerry campaign.

How about Brooks' suggestion on NPR yesterday that Kerry's "unconventional wife" is fair game for the Republicans?

I heard that too. I couldn't believe my ears. Brooks immediately followed up by saying he had a "soft spot" personally for Theresa Heinz.

(Aside to Brad - I just clicked on "Weblog Policies" to check this blog's policy on HTML, and found a broken link).

Brooks should stick to topics that he knows something about. Obviously, he does not know much about poverty and he clearly does not understand Edward's position on this issue. Is Brooks thick? or is he setting up a straw man? Brooks so rarely writes from an informed perspective that I often wonder if he is not there to represent the know-nothing faction. For him to mischaracterize Edward's economic policy suggests and use them in a straw man argument is just lame. He is a partisan hack. The difference between Brooks and Krugman is that Brooks mischaracterizes while Krugman accurately characterizes Bush policy. Agree or disagree with Krugman's assessments, but no one disputes his basic descriptions of Bush policy.

Wasn't it Milton Friedman who rather famously proposed a negative income tax because "what the poor needed was money"?

'Edwards talks about poverty in economic terms'

let's talk about poverty in intellectual terms. David Brooks is really poor.

My dictionary defines poverty as "Lack of the means of providing material needs or comforts."

This confirms what I had always thought, i.e. poverty means you don't have enough money.

Why not abolish the "professional" editorialist altogether?

There is something strange, in a country of 300 million people, about giving the same set of three hundred people a national soapbox to stand on week-in and week-out from which they can pontificate on all topics under the sun.

Would readers not learn more if the newspapers were to invite different people each week to write something fresh and interesting, rather than have the same tired old hacks serve up their stale thoughts?

Everyone knows what David Brooks and George Will have to say. Why not hear some new voices?

Poverty isn't just the lack of money in the sense that if you give every poor person in the US a million dollars, after a period of time there will just be a great number of well-dressed poor people (i.e. the money will be wasted, stolen, etc).

To address poverty you have to address the underlying issues that cause this inability to provide for oneself. It takes hard work, and a strong community to lift someone out of poverty. Unfortunately, the Republicans have done everything in their power of the last half-century to destroy every opportunity poor people have to lift themselves out.

The factory town? Closed down because the factory polluted the water supply, then moved to Indonesia. Inner-cities? Well those are all in the lefty-liberal coasts anyways, so what do they care?

These people need to remember, Government is just a by-product of a bunch of people getting together and saying, hey let's make all of our lives better.

Why don't we actually do it?

Here's another definition of poverty: Even given the means of providing material needs or comfort, the poverty-striken would still find ways of squandering their newfound means thereby reverting to their "ground" state of having no means.

Very good Murray Smigal. Worth a letter to the editor explaining how Brooks says that Milton Friedman is a Marxist.

Theresa Heinz was smart enough to see the campaign coming and insisted on a prenuètial contract. Saddly this means that she can donate no more than $1000 to the Kerry campaign.

As always I am verbose. My "comment" continues for hundreds of words. Rest at http://rjwaldmann.blogspot.com

If Brooks objects to talking about poverty in economic terms, what does he think poverty is - a new Emeril recipe? NPR had Brooks and E. J. Dionne on yesterday discussing Bush v. Kerry. Every word from Brooks seemed to be written by Karl Rove. Alas, E. J. had to spend much of his time correcting Brooks disinformation. The producers of this segment had to think they would have had a better interview had they invited only E. J.

My hat is off to Patrick Rogers for mentioning 'community' in this thread. If one travels outside the US that is one of the first things one notices. In many other cultures people have a sense of community, at some fundamental human level, that is sadly missing in this country. (I recall how after 9/11 I was still being routinely tailgated by aggressive jerks with their American flags flying on their cars. It made me understand how easy it is to dislike Americans.)

Many poor people in this country just don't have the native intelligence to better their circumstances in life. It takes a real sense of community, not just a formula, to improve the lot of those people. The Bush administration has come to symbolize what has gone wrong with this society, where every effort is made to improve the lot of the already well off at the expense of everyone else and everything else. The ultimate in its-all-about-me thinking.

Brooks is not that clear on the concept, but I knew what he meant. The problem is not that the poor need money. The problem is a society which sanctions the poor taking money by force from those who have it.

The "Robin Hood Principle:" If a person has something you don't, and you want or need it more than you think that person does, you have a right to take it from him by force.

or in short: "You've got it, I don't, I need it, I get to take it."

What is fascinating is how the same philosophy that animates the guy who holds you up at the ATM machine has been adopted as the core philosophy of much of our nation, particularly the Democratic Party, although the Republicans largely buy into it too. Somehow, "laundering" the money or other goods through the government absolves the recipients of any blame and obliterates the moral issue.

Somewhere between half and two-thirds of our current Federal Budget is devoted solely to taking money from one group of people and handing it to another group for no value returned. Wealth redistribution. And this doesn't include people who actually work and are paid with government money, returning some real value for the taxpayer's cash.

Most Americans would find it very difficult to canvas their neighborhood door-to-door to get money to buy food. Most Americans would find it inconceivable to do so while brandishing a pistol. Yet, funneled through the IRS and Treasury, this exact operation is seen not only as acceptable, but actually virtuous, and those who object are seen as selfish and mean-spirited bastards.

Maybe Brooks was trying to say "The best things in life are free". Now all we need to do is to put this motto to music and it could become the theme song for the
"Dick/Cheney 2004 reelection campaign"

Gosh I'm whistling it already to Monty Python's "Look at the bright side of life"

I'm glad to see it isn't just me --- as a diligent reader of the NYT Op-Ed page for many a year, I was originally pleased when I heard they were going to add David Brooks to the regular line-up: of course, they did have William Safire on board as the "house conservative", but at least, or so I thought, Brooks might bring a new slant to the fairly predictable round of commentary.
My Bad!
Maybe it IS the 700-word, twice-a-week format, but something has turned a previously thoughtful and competent writer into the hack-of-hacks he has become on the NYT: (My God, could I ever imaging writing the following words??) even Bob Herbert's predictable pap is usually better-thought-out and better-written than the crap Brooks has been turning in!
Maybe this is all just a plot by the Liberal Media Elite at the NYT to make conservatives look foolish... if it is, it's working just fine!

It's interesting to see Tbrosz (March 4, 2004 8:37 AM) ridicule a society for trying to help the least among them. Implicit in his/her argument is that the poor are worthless lazy scum who are unworthy of largesse and therefore are to be characterized as thieves. (S)he does a wonderful job of illustrating my point (March 4, 2004 8:34 AM) on a lack of a sense of community in this country. "I got mine so stay the hell away from me!"

Dubblblind,
Exactly. Christian fundamentalists believe that a person's economic situation reflects their value in the sight of God. If a person is rich, it is because that is what they deserve to be, similarly with the poor. Furthermore, any attempt to use the tax system to provide help and social services to the underpriviledged constitutes an offence against the Commandmant "Thy shall not steal."

The parodies by Willingham and tbrosz were amusing.

Trying to decide on the best conservative columnist is like trying to decide if one oppossum is cuter than the others.

(Metaphor by David Sarasohn, Portland Oregonian.)

"Opossum."

The fact that Brooks got WORSE when he moved from a conservative publication to the NYT has to tell us something. There's some kind of message out there about what's proper to write about. Cynicism is cool, conservativism is cool, blank incomprehension is cool, but a lot of other stuff isn't. Apparently Brooks was instructed that he was hired to be a Republican hack for balancing purposes, not to provide insight or a new point of view. He's just doing his job.

Strongly strongly strongly disagree. Paul Krugman is brilliant over and over and I would deeply regret loess frequent writings. Frank Rich who writes once weekly has far less influence than otherwise. Paul Krugman follows Anthony Lewis and others brilliantly. Keep writing just the way you write Paul Krugman and Bob Herbert as well.

There is no paper that comes close to the New York Times for allowing in depth coverage of topics. Brad DeLong would write for the NYTimes in an instant!

I agree, Jeffrey Miller. I don't care what the likes of Brooks-n-Shield or Krauthammer et al think. They are predictable and phony. The length of their articles, the amount of time they get to speak in their various television gigs, is irrelevant. They have very little to say; their importance is their iconic role as 'conservative' or 'liberal' and the phony fight's the thing. Who got the last word in, who won the latest round on the Lehrer Report or whatever silly venue -- these folks live in an oddly self-reflecting world, full of their own voices. They no longer have a real role in democracy, but that's okay, because there's not much democracy left in the media.

Do you know, I heard Brooks tell Lehrer that he asked Edwards what the 'biggest' problem with the Democratic party was and Brooks claims that Edwards said 'snobbery'. Of course, Brooks was regaling the audience with this little tidbit (uncorroborated by Edwards or anyone else) because it allowed him to go on and on about 'snobbery' in ways that slandered Kerry and hinted at class warfare. Brooks is clever, but in the style of an earnestly pandering sycophant.

Lest there is some misconception here that Brooks is actually brilliant, but has deteriorated by interaction with the Times, I'd like remind you of his performances on the News Hour on PBS since last year. One performance particularly stands out: Friday April 11, 2003. He was gloating over the toppling of the Saddam Statue earlier that week. That was an historic event he said, one that he watched on TV with his children, (I assume sharing with them his unique historical vision). Of course, the next day was the infamous looting of the Baghdad museum.

Isn't he the author of something about Bozos? Or is it bobos? Quien es el bobo, me pregunto?

"The fact that David Brooks got WORSE when he moved from a conservative publication to the NYT has to tell us something."

David Brooks was always atrocious. Simply a radical-conservative hack of endless arrogance. Notice the lengthy article on the wonders of Charles-Bell-Curve-Murray in the Atlantic. Atrocious hackery at any length. Here the NYTimes made an awful mistake.

Poverty in this country is mainly behavioral in origin. There is very little poverty among people not living in single parent households or the product of such households. By encouraging people to have children out of wedlock, government welfare programs have exacerbated poverty, not allleviated it.

Joe, consider the case of a family with 2 kids and Dad works 2 minimum wage jobs with no bennies and Mom works 1 minimum wage job with no bennies. The family has been scraping by for years and has no savings. Dad gets injured in an auto accident. Immediately, that family is plunged in to poverty.

It does not have to be an auto accident. It can be an illness, a sick kid. There are a lot of decent hard working people in the US that end up in poverty for lack of a safety net, not through any real fault of their own.

So it's Marxist to say that poor people are poor because they lack money. It's evidently also Marxist, then, to say that a dark room is dark because it lacks light.

Joe W: Poverty in this country is mainly behavioral in origin.

Yeah. And it's mainly due to the behaviour of the rich and the powerful.

::

Brooks: What the poor primarily need is more money, the theory goes.

Well, duh. Or the equivalent thereof.

As a Brit in rural North Carolina, Edwards' stump speech actually comes closest to reminding me of some of the best of the Labour Party. I'm sure that would work against him, if the news got out, but his withdrawal speech last night --

"I see the faces of the workers at Tower Automotive in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. They are wondering where do they go after the doors to their factory close? What do they do? Have they not done the right things in America? Have they not worked hard, been responsible, raised their kids? Where do they go now and will they have a president and an administration who understands their lives and who will stand up for them?"

--

reminded me of one of Neil Kinnock's finest hours:

"Why am I the first Kinnock in a thousand generations to be able to get to university? Why is Glenys the first woman in her family in a thousand generations to be able to get to university? Was it because all our predecessors were thick? Did they lack talent, those people who could sing and play and write and recite poetry? Those people who could make wonderful beautiful things with their hands? Those people who could dream dreams, see visions.

"Why didn't they get it? Was it because they were weak? Those people who could wake work eight hours under ground and then come up and play football, weak those women who could survive eleven child-bearings? Were they weak?

"Does anybody really think that they didn't get what we had because they didn't have the talent or the strength or the endurance or the commitment? Of course not. It was because there was no platform upon which they could stand."

(The speech famously ripped off by Joseph Biden, if it's familiar to any Americans.)

It's Brooks and his 'Bobo' theory that's become rapidly obsolescent, rather than Edwards' argument. I'm guessing that Davey-boy doesn't visit the South too often.

What would David Brooks the infamous BoBo in Paradise know about poverty and/or its causes? He needs to take that silver spoon out of his mouth long enough to wake up and smell the roses. Like most well-to-do who in the main are born into money, their rejection of those who have little or nothing has to be justified by inane statements. We are in a class struggle in this country like never before in our history. The wealth redistribution that is taking place is one of the rich robbing the poor, not the other way around. When the greedy take all the best and leave crumbs behind for the rest there has to be people like Brooks who attempt to justify the thievery.

Aren't the majority of people on public assistance children and the elderly? Lazy good-for-nothings... how dare they be born/grow old.... they need to go out and get a job and quit using the government to rob me of my hard earned money... where has the sense of personal responsibility gone in this country?! just because you are 4 years old does not exempt you from the responsibility of your actions!

"Brooks: What the poor primarily need is more money, the theory goes.

"Well, duh. Or the equivalent thereof."

David Brooks, the Homer Simpson of writers, lacking the hysterical humor or any humor at all. Sorry Homer. Doh.

I was similarly uneasy reading David Brooks editorial yesterday. It seemed that he was equating being poor with welfare. To me, 'the poor' are the people who do the work, pay their bills and contribute to our society. As a result, they are cynically being abused to enrich 'the others' not defined as being poor.

Twenty years ago, Mr Greenspan lead us all to voluntarily increase our SSI contribution. The people who will count on SSI for their future retirement gladly contributed $1.8 trillion to ensure that future. Mr Reagan and the Bushes have squandered this future on their dream of an oligarchic empire, leaving 'the poor' an even more precarious future.

Uh, CSTAR, the "infamous" looting didn't happen in case you didn't know. Even the NYT reported it didn't happen. Subscription lapse?

"[John] Edwards talks about poverty in economic terms. He vows to bring jobs back to poor areas and restrict trade to protect industries. He suggests that if we could take money from the rich and special interests, there'd be more for the underprivileged.

"This kind of talk is descended from Marxist theory, which holds that we live in the thrall of economic conditions. What the poor primarily need is more money, the theory goes."

David Brooks would only be more of a toady fool in 10,000 words?

w michael murphy:

The fact that the looting was not as extensive as had been reported does not mean that it didn't occur and wasn't serious:

From the Washington Post September 15, 2003:

Last week Bogdanos, a reservist who works as a Manhattan prosecutor in civilian life, briefed reporters on his recently concluded stay in Baghdad as head of the U.S. Central Command's investigation into the looting and theft of artifacts from the National Museum, the central repository for the heritage of Mesopotamia since the dawn of human civilization.

He said more than 10,000 items are still missing, but 3,411 have been recovered -- seized in raids or searches or received, no questions asked, under an amnesty program that yielded 1,731 items, including the Warka Vase, one of the most famous artifacts in the world.

If that's too liberal for ya, here's a link to a transcript of Bogdano's presentation:

http://www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/2003/tr20030910-0660.html

May I suggest that in the future when you make a statement please try to provide a reference or link for your statement (e.g. NY Times of such and such a date?) It would help the discussion, and given the ease of use of Google shouldn't be too difficult to provide.

Thanks!

Anne: Brad DeLong would write for the NYTimes in an instant!

Actually, Brad did write a weekly (?) column for the NYT for a while, but dumped it to write for Fortune instead, for exactly the reason given in this post: they gave him more space.

So much the worse for all of us, IMHO, but you can't say he isn't consistent....

"It is liberals who perpetuate poverty in this country, because it is in their interest to have an underclass dependent on them."

Republicans often accuse their opponents of what they do, to provide cover. So with that in mind:

Republicans perpetuate high crime rates because people vote for Republicans when they are worried about crime.

Republicans perpetuate high tax rates on the middle class because they know that people vote for them when they think taxes are too high.

War, terrorism, enemies... same.

Didn't Dickens say something about the poor and prisions and workhouses? Are we heading into the age of 19th century capitialism redux?

Joe Willingham, you are wrong in one big -- really big -- respect that overshadows however right you may be in others. How many people can possibly afford medical care without medical insurance? At least one in five bankruptcies is directly caused by inability to pay for medical care, and many more are probably indirectly exacerbated by lack of insurance. And many people do lose the ability to work as much as they can because of a lack of available medical care for themselves or their children. There is no doubt that households headed by single parents (esp. mothers) are more likely to live in total poverty. However, there are many, many people who are married and work hard but who will never be able to "afford" that which they need in the way of medical care, or who will have to make some brutal trade offs if they try to get what they need.

jw mason

Quite right! Brad is a superb writer, and could easily work in the NYTimes space confines so I continue to be a pest. Do we ever need ecenomists with popular venues who write so lucidly and with such simplicity. Love ya, BD.

nick writes:
>
> It's Brooks and his 'Bobo' theory that's become rapidly
> obsolescent, rather than Edwards' argument. I'm guessing that
> Davey-boy doesn't visit the South too often.

Actually, I think there's nothing very much wrong with Brooks' Bobo theory. Somebody who agrees with me is this weirdo Berkeley economist J. Bradford DeLong:

http://www.j-bradford-delong.net/Econ_Articles/Reviews/bobos.html

There really *is* something new and strange about certain would-be elites in this country. And these people still exist, probably in greater number than in 2000. Heck, they even exist in a place like Columbia, MO, where they get to mix (or not) with people who are really and truly and down-right POOR and speak with a rustic Ozark accent.

I think the problem with Brooks is that he has noticed just these two things: 1) some elites are Bobos, and 2) this is a group that did not used to exist. Hey, it's an insight, but it did not require much deep analsyis or the consideration of people unlike yourself. Now it comes time to write your twice-weekly NYT column. It's just 700 words of topical content. Stuff that wasn't in your book. And it's not just answering a question or three on TV. This is much tougher to do.

So I'm not sure what anybody was expecting.

"It is liberals who perpetuate poverty in this country, because it is in their interest to have an underclass dependent on them."

good point. This must be why the conservatives are pushing* over-the-counter emergency contraception so that people can delay having kids until they can afford to raise them.

* off a cliff - Ellen Goodman on Plan B here:
http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/opinion/8084225.htm

Tbrosz talks about wealth distribution.
Has Tbrosz seen the light?
Government tax policies over the last 20 years have redistributed several trillion dollars from the poor to the very very very very very rich.
Damn socialist Republicans!!!!

Joe willingham etc...
I don't even get why "vouchers" would be any different from any other kind of taxpayer paid for government subsidy. In other words, what is the actual "poor people deserve to be poor/its all behavioral" republican ideology behind vouchers for schools? Where do you think the actual money for the vouchers for education come from if not from taxes. How would vouchers for poor people to send their kids to private schools differ in any way at all from tax dollars to public schools? And in fact, How are vouchers any different from "Money" in the sense of "welfare" except that one is a targeted subsidy to people who you don't trust to spend money on their own, to their children's benefit and the other is merely "money" paid out to people who you don't trust to spend it as you wish it spent. Either way its a miracle how quickly people whose native good sense, work ethic and etc... become corrupted when they become "poor" --whatever happened to the "working poor" anyway?. Did they stop being poor when they lost their jobs?

Kate Gilbert

...and I think the 700 word format forces you to put an idea across as tightly as possible, with no room for the kind of qualifications and back-covering that academics are prone to.

In other words, 700 words is plent of room to express opinions that aren't worth having. "Qualifications and back-covering" are central to real thought on any complex subject. It is not mere co-incidence that professional thinkers -- i.e. academics -- are prone to these practices.

Sorry if this is a duplicate, but the first post did not take...

This post is another installment of my continuing hobby-horse: How Conservatives Lie about US History and Social Values of the Founders.
The following was posted by some one named David Brooks, though it doesn't make much difference whether the attribution is correct:

"There is nothing in the Constitution saying
that poor people have the right to eat.
'Karl' Edwards is advocating Socialism.
Let them eat school vouchers!"

Note that this snide message implies that there is something un-American or vaguely "unconstitutional" about Edwards' concern, or any concern at all, about the poor. Or about any suggestion that the government should have any concern about the poor, or the economic/social welfare of its citizens. Mr. Edwards concern about the poor is claimed to be inherently socialist (which is implied to be the same thing as Marxist) and un-American. This assertion is simply wrong. This outrageous falsification of our history needs to be challenged.

Let look at some quotes. Here is Thomas Jefferson describing the public provision for the poor in 18th century Virginia:

"The poor, unable to support themselves, are maintained by an assessment on the titheable persons in their parish....
The poor who have neither property, friends, nor strength to labor are boarded in the houses of good farmers, to whom a stipulated sum is annually paid.... To those who are able to help themselves a little, or have friends from whom they derive some succours, inadequate however to their full maintenance, supplementory aids are given, which enable them to live comfortably in their own houses, or in the houses of their friends.
Vagabonds without visible property or vocation, are placed in work houses, where they are well clothed, fed, lodged, and made to labor." --Thomas Jefferson: Notes on Virginia Q.XIV, 1782. ME 2:184

Conservative legal foundations love to sue local governments that force residential hotel and apartment owners to rent apartments at cost to the indigent. I guess if these foundations existed in 18th century Virginia, they would have sued the counties for forced lodging.

These practices are noted by Jefferson without any condemnation,. But who knows, maybe he thought is was a commie thing to do, which violated the rights of man? But he doesn't say so, maybe he was outraged but couldn't be bothered to put in the book. Getting back to reality, folks, elsewhere he speaks of a welfare for the poor as a government function, but Jefferson believes that it should be administered at the state or local level. (Thomas Jefferson to Samuel Kercheval, 1810.)

So maybe if the Pacific Legal Foundation could go back in time, and tried to call T. Jefferson as an expert witness in one of its local "takings" suites, it would have had a surprise.

Here is Madison commenting on a new welfare plan for New York City in the 1820s: "To provide employment for the poor, and support for the indigent, is among the primary, and, at the same time, not least difficult cares of the public authority." (Letter to Revd F.C. Schaeffer, Jan 8, 1820)

What about Edwards' concern that US citizens have good jobs that can provide stable income doing meaningful and rewarding work? Well, check out James Madison's essays in the National Gazette in the early 1790s. Here he was battling the Hamiltonians love of manufacturing. Nowadays we debate over whether it makes any difference whether a nation makes potato chips or computers. Back then Madison was concerned about whether people made decorative shoe ribbons for rich people, or did something more stable and substantial. Madison thought that it made a big difference, and this was an important consideration in setting national economic policy.

Edwards wants more regulation of financial markets, and government intervention to make sure ordinary citizens get a fair deal from large financial transactions. Is that commie? If so, then Jefferson and John Adams were commies too. Both wanted banks to be nationalized. Any financial industry that might cause or contribute to economic instability, or any other kind of social trouble, could and should be very heavily regulated or even outlawed. No one's rights were violated by this, since both Jefferson and Adams thought that business founded on the idea that a person could borrow money from one set of people and make money by loaning it to another, or using the borrowed money to buy an asset to hold for speculation, was just as likely to be a scam as a legitimate business contributing to society.

Hamilton, of course, in some famous passages from his reports on manufacturing and the bank, advocated an active role for government in helping as many people in society as possible to find meaningful, interesting and productive work. I don't have the citations, but these passages are near the beginning so go ahead and start reading them, you get there soon.

And the Founders had a horror of large inequalities in wealth and income, which they thought would produce a society incompatible with a democratic republic. Sounds a little like Edwars, huh?

Certain types contemporary extremist ideologues who call themselves conservatives like to claim that there is no vision of society or social welfare whatever behind the basic principles of our country. But this is simply wrong. The people who say this are either very ignorant or they are liars. Their say that the Constitution is a magic set of rules and that the American way consists solely of letting this holy and magical legal machinery for protection of private property grind along regardless of the human consequences. But this is simply wrong. These people are actually radical reactionaries, and are much more unAmerican than Edwards.

But of course, Brooks is the knowledgeable scholar who assured us that men like Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, and Hamilton were improvising bumblers who hated intellectuals and technocrats. Hamilton and Franklin were not a technocrats? That is an odd concept. Hamilton was a self-admitted social engineer.

Here is final quote from comrade Jefferson:
"Lay down true principles and adhere to them inflexibly. Do not be frightened into their surrender by the alarms of the timid, or the croakings of wealth against the ascendency of the people."

Ethics is not necessarily the handmaiden of theology.

We are never truly sure of our beliefs.

People are just smart enough to not be happily ignorant.

God had some serious quality-control problems.

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Self-imposed ignorance should disgust everyone.

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