June 21, 2004

A Piece of Advice for Tyler Cowen...

Tyler Cowen muses on the future of cheap mass storage. The first lesson is to never underestimate the bandwidth of a railroad car filled with DVDs:

Marginal Revolution: Data storage is becoming cheaper at rapid rates. This is one reason why I don't ever expect a totally converged information superhighway, supplying our television, computer, music listening, etc., all in one service. Why obsess over your piping when you can have milk delivered cheaply at your doorstep? Netflix and Google's Gmail, rather than Verizon, may represent our cultural future. Data storage and delivery also tend to be less regulated than centralized piping, plus they limit natural monopoly problems. Under this alternative model, I might receive "cultural disks" in the mail, every month or week, and decide what on those disks I am willing to pay for. Yes there will be hackers but we will be rich, the discs will be cheap and convenient, and they will offer ancillary services of organization and presentation. I can hardly wait, except now I remember I don't even have time for the current menu of cultural offerings.

The second lesson is that time and attention are now the scarce resources.

It is true that we can help a little with that. Tyler, you can still follow most DVDs (and understand the audio track pitched one octave high) if you play them back at twice normal speed. Double your media consumption at the price of living in a virtual world populated solely by clones of Alvin the Chipmunk.

Posted by DeLong at June 21, 2004 01:18 PM | TrackBack | | Other weblogs commenting on this post
Comments

If speeding up the tracks by a factor of two is doubling the audio frequencies, you need to find better software.

Posted by: jerry on June 21, 2004 01:42 PM

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Specifically (although it's limited to Realmedia and Windows), the Enounce 2XAV plugin has solved the chipmunk problem quite completely: http://www.enounce.com/products/real/2xav/

Posted by: Kevin Miller on June 21, 2004 01:45 PM

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But the important question is--why was it Alvin and the Chipmunks? Shouldn't it have been whatever the human guy was named and the Chipmunks? Or was Josie a pussycat after all?

(I wouldn't want to listen to most of my CDs at double speed and normal pitch, anyway.)

Posted by: Matt Weiner on June 21, 2004 01:48 PM

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"time and attention are now the scarce resources." Interesting observation - shouldn't then the professor pay the student, the rock-star the fan, the author the reader, for the attention payed to their works and performances.

Currently it's the other way round. Good content still seem to be far higher valued than the attention needed to consume it.

Posted by: Mats on June 21, 2004 02:39 PM

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Ahh, but the professor has something the student needs- namely a passing grade!

Posted by: AllenM on June 21, 2004 04:24 PM

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You people are warped...

Posted by: Jeff Lawson on June 21, 2004 05:13 PM

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Even quicker than watching DVDs on fast-forward:

http://rinkworks.com/movieaminute/

For example, "Bridge on the River Kwai":

Sessue Hayakawa: Build a bridge.
Alec Guinness: Only if you ask nicely.
(Alec Guinness helps the BRITISH by building a BRIDGE for the JAPANESE.)
Alec Guinness: What have I done?
(Everything blows UP, and everyone DIES.)
James Donald: Madness madness madness.
(War is bad.)

The one on "The Matrix" is pretty good, too.

Posted by: fling93 on June 21, 2004 06:59 PM

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Cowan is wrong as far as the television/music/other media convergence bit goes. The reason why is simple - storage may be increasing faster than bandwidth, but both storage and bandwidth are increasing faster than the size of actual media files.

The reasons for this are pretty fundamental perceptual and technological limits.

Start with audio. You can maintain virtually all audio quality at at least 5x compression, so with a good encoder there's no real attraction to bandwidth of over ~50 kilobytes per second for CD style audio (2 channels, 44100 samples per second of 16 bits each). Decades after the introduction of the CD, audio at this quality level is still dominant because higher quality recordings are expensive to produce, and don't sound much better unless you have quite high end equipment. You can add more channels for home theater but there is a limit to how many speakers people are going to buy.

As a result we have already reached the point where music is heavily distributed over the net. Current broadband connections are more than sufficient to play a high quality MP3 file in real time, and those audio files are not going to grow all that much in the future.

Now move to video. The bitrate is higher, but again you get a situation where the bitrate is tied to the resolution of the source and that resolution does not increase quickly. Standard definition televisions can be represented by 720x480 pixels (North America/NTSC). Given a good quality encoder for MPEG2 (the DVD and digital satellite compression standard) you can get a great video signal for 1 megabyte per second, and a quite good one for half that. And those bitrates can be approximately cut in half using the new H.264 video standards.

Video bitrate doesn't go up unless you up the resolution, such as with HDTV. At up to 1920x1080 pixels, HDTV has up to 6 times the amount of video to encode as standard TV/DVD. But HDTV is being adopted very slowly (and at great expense as it requires new cameras, studio equipment, and of course new TVs). Higher resolutions than that aren't going to be around any time soon. So with H.264 + HDTV, you're still seeing about 3 megabytes per second for quality video. That's an order of magnitude more than current broadband connections, but broadband speed will grow while HDTV requirements remain static.

No, media delivery can easily come to rely less and less on distributing physical media to the consumer, whether bricks-and-mortar or Netflix style. We will reach a point when even home movies and the like, that eager consumers are now burning to DVDs and storing on their hard discs, will be uploaded to servers. After all, what better way to share them with friends, relatives, and your own other computers?

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