October 22, 2002
A Tough Pre-Coffee Intellectual Workout

A Tough Pre-Coffee Intellectual Workout

Help! Help!

Me: May we please have two blueberry muffins and a large coffee?

The Nine-Year-Old: Dad? Are these cakes in a refrigerator?

Me: Yes they are. That's a refrigerated glass case.

The Nine-Year-Old: So how come it's blowing hot air at me?

Me: Well, when a refrigerator cools something, the heat has to go somewhere, doesn't it? It's getting rid of the heat by blowing it out at you.

The Nine-Year-Old: But how does a refrigerator work anyway?

Me: Well [by this time we are back in the car], to understand a refrigerator you need to know three things: (1) when a gas expands, it cools off; (2) when a gas is compressed, it heats up; (3) if you put a cold thing and a warm thing next to each other, the cold thing will get warmer and the warm thing will get colder.

The Nine-Year-Old: Okay. I'll believe you. So what happens then?

Me: Well, you start out with some special gas--they used to use freon, I don't know what they use today. You put the gas into a big space so it can expand, and it gets cold. Then you put the cold gas next to the cakes, and the cakes get cool and the gas gets warm.

The Nine-Year-Old: And then?

Me: And then you move the gas away from the cakes, compress it so it gets hot, and put it next to the air. The gas cools down and the air heats up--and then the blower blows the hot air out of the refrigerated cake case and at you.

The Nine-Year-Old: And then?

Me: And then you do the same thing again--you let the gas expand so it cools off. And you're ready to use it to keep the cakes cold again.

The Nine-Year-Old: So why is it that a gas gets cold when it expands?

Me: Heat--what is heat? Something is hot when its molecules are jiggling around a lot. Think about how a gas expands. It pushes out--and the energy to push itself out--as it pushes itself out some of the energy of jiggling gets used up in expansion, so it cools.

Back when I was... not nine, but twelve, I read a large number of wonderful books about science--all fields--by Isaac Asimov. And it changed my life (for a while, at least: until I ran into college physics).

Clearly I badly need today's equivalent (or to find a library that still has thirty-year old books in large numbers). What is today's equivalent?

Posted by DeLong at October 22, 2002 07:55 PM | Trackback

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The used bookstores in my area have plenty of Asimov paperbacks. Amazon lists 987 results for 'Asimov', of which some, I'm sure, are reprints or anthologies of the basic science books.

Posted by: on October 22, 2002 08:51 PM

I agree with the previous poster; there is no today's equivalent of Asimov. And, for what its worth, I learned a good chunk of my science from Asimov's science fiction. (Until, of course, I unlearned everything in college physics.)

Posted by: Jesse on October 22, 2002 10:02 PM

There are great old (and new) copies of "The Way Things Work" which also has also somehow morphed into a decent web page. The basic physics is there, with a decidedly popular science addition. As for science, I would recommend getting the kids a solid grounding in basic mechanics--understanding physics relies on physical analogy, at least at the basic stages, and having good physical intuition is far more important than knowing a bit about black holes and inflation theory.

I have 3 or four old copies of "The Way Things Work"--some of which are quite beautiful. You can find them fairly regularly at most used book stores--I even picked up a copy in Berkeley.

Good luck,

Brennan

Posted by: on October 22, 2002 10:19 PM

There are great old (and new) copies of "The Way Things Work" which also has also somehow morphed into a decent web page. The basic physics is there, with a decidedly popular science addition. As for science, I would recommend getting the kids a solid grounding in basic mechanics--understanding physics relies on physical analogy, at least at the basic stages, and having good physical intuition is far more important than knowing a bit about black holes and inflation theory.

I have 3 or four old copies of "The Way Things Work"--some of which are quite beautiful. You can find them fairly regularly at most used book stores--I even picked up a copy in Berkeley.

Good luck,

Brennan

Posted by: on October 22, 2002 10:19 PM

The way things work is a great site

also , half.com:

"Books Search Results
1343 products found for "isaac asimov"."

I am beginning to confront/cherish the same issues with my 7 year old.

Posted by: David on October 23, 2002 05:58 AM

also http://www.howstuffworks.com/

Posted by: David on October 23, 2002 06:00 AM

You want "How things work" by Louis Bloomfield, http://howthingswork.virginia.edu/home.html. Simply the best book of its kind (speaking as a physics educator and physicist).

Posted by: Ben Vollmayr-Lee on October 23, 2002 07:25 AM

Many of the respondents seem to be citing specifics which reflect a broader wisdom offered recently by a wise father. To paraphrase: "Everybody should use google."

Posted by: K Harris on October 23, 2002 07:39 AM


"The Way Things Work" books are no substitute for the old Asimov science books, for precisely the reason that it focuses on things and not on principles. I can't use the books to really explain things to my 8-year old, because the books present tons of(fun) detail but can't provide the underlying principles.

Posted by: Asimov Fan on October 23, 2002 08:36 AM

And, while we're complaining, is there a latter-day Martin Gardner out there anywhere?

Posted by: Matt on October 23, 2002 08:50 AM

A modern Martin Gardner? There are two (sort of) choices I know of--the best is Clifford Pickover (great web page), and a close second is Douglas Hofsteader (metamagical themas/matematical games).

Sorry about the earlier double post.

Posted by: Brennan on October 23, 2002 09:22 AM

I have a 6 year old and we Google together. The wonderful thing I have found is when you ask your kid to pose a question, results generally speak to their level. Try it!

Posted by: Ross on October 23, 2002 09:56 AM

>>I have 3 or four old copies of "The Way Things Work"--some of which are quite beautiful<<

Not to be confused with "The Way The World Works" by Jude Wanniski, which is also a great book to give an interested nine-year-old :-)

If by "a modern-day Martin Gardner" you mean "someone still talking complete balls about Margaret Mead and anthropology", Steve Pinker's your man; elsewise, I dunno.

Posted by: Daniel Davies on October 23, 2002 10:11 AM

A bit too advanced for a nine year old, but I highly recommend `The concept of heat simply explained" and `The concept of energy simply explained', both by Morton Mott-Smith. They are quite old and, unfortunately, out of print, But very good.

Posted by: David Margolies on October 23, 2002 10:32 AM

And in praise of Asimov still more -- need I mention that Paul Krugman claims that he was originally inspired to become an psychohist economist by the Foundation series? :^)

Julian Elson

Posted by: Julian Elson on October 23, 2002 11:04 AM

And in praise of Asimov still more -- need I mention that Paul Krugman claims that he was originally inspired to become an psychohist economist by the Foundation series? :^)

Julian Elson

Posted by: Julian Elson on October 23, 2002 11:05 AM

All this is fine but Professor DeLong told us he quit coffee a while ago, so I think he needs to publicaly clarify his current position on cafeine if he is to retain any intellectual credibility, at least regarding addictive substances... :-D

Posted by: Jean-Philippe Stijns on October 23, 2002 11:08 AM

Rush out and buy "Think Physics" by Lewis Carroll Epstein! It is the best modern equivalent I know of to Asimov's excellent "Understanding Physics" trio . It has the ONLY good intuitive description of tensors I have ever seen, and the problem-solving aspect of the book makes it even better than Asimov in at least one respect. I have my B.S. in Physics, and even I find it useful.

P.S....I did see a hardbound copy of the complete Asimov set on the sale rack at my local Barnes & Noble as recently as a month ago.

Posted by: John Frogge on October 23, 2002 12:21 PM

"A modern Martin Gardner? There are two (sort of) choices I know of--the best is Clifford Pickover (great web page), and a close second is Douglas Hofsteader (metamagical themas/matematical games)."

Hofstadter (I may be misspelling it too) is a prof at IU, My Fair University, and is teaching a graduate seminar next semester ... in poetry.

I second the Asimov books. What about things like Odyssey magazine? Is that still out there? Great on cosmology ...

Posted by: Paul on October 23, 2002 01:13 PM

A modern Martin Gardner? Isn't he still alive?

Posted by: Jon Hendry on October 23, 2002 02:14 PM

'A modern Martin Gardner? Isn't he still alive?'

Not for long, apparently. The posters know something we don't.....

Posted by: Jason McCullough on October 24, 2002 03:38 PM

I grew up on the Asimov books, and I would disagree with those who claim they had to "unlearn" things when they got to college physics - my experience was that college courses tended to shove a lot of equations at you with no context, so it was good to have the "big picture" aquired from Asimov.

As for other recommendations, Larry Gonick's "Cartoon guides" are excellent. The third volume of his "Cartoon History of the Universe" is out, and it's as good as ever Some really great stuff on the rise of Islam and the Crusades. He really does his research, and manages (at least in his history books) to make some interesting connections (particularly in showing all of world history as "one big picture" with events in even obscure places managing to affect the places we all read about in school in odd ways) that will surprise even serious students of history...

Posted by: Jimbo on October 24, 2002 07:56 PM


Richard Feynman's 'Six Easy Pieces' might be a good place to start. It's remarkably clear and vivid in describing all manner of physical interactions.

A lot of concepts really clicked home for me when I read it.

Posted by: Richard Norman on October 24, 2002 09:59 PM

The thing I miss about Asimov is that he had the gift of explaining things so very clearly. And because he could explain things so very clearly, what he explained (science) became interesting and easily understandable and therefore ceased to seem malign or frightening. Unlike economics!

I strongly wish Asimov had understood economics so he could have written a guide to it. Alas! As he said in his autobiography, he tried to take a course in economics but it made no sense to him.

Posted by: J Pelorat on October 25, 2002 07:55 PM

you talk about the refrigerant always being a gas and never mention a liquid. i couldn't find this anywhere else, and i was wondering do you know if it is unnecessary for the refrigerant to condense into liquid form at some stage in a refrigerator

Posted by: on December 3, 2002 07:32 PM
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