Cummins, Hassett, and Oliner (1999). Use analysts' firm-level forecasts as proxy for fundamentals.
Bond and Cummins (2000) BPEA.
Hall and Liebman (1998) QJE.
Whited (1994) EL.
Whited (2001) JPE.
Malmendier and Tate (2001).
Myers and Majluf (1984).
Seyhun
Lakonishok and Lee (2001).
Use insiders' trading as an index of managers' expectations.
Chirinko ()
Hayashi ()
Financing choices, liquidity constraints, signalling, moral hazard, castles in the air, non-normality.
sales of common shares. What to do with options? Ignore them except in the Hall and Liebman database.
IBIS paper.
Insider trading: proxies for misvaluation.
Chris Hennesy
--SEC: data.